Lip cancer is a type of mouth cancer that typically develops on the lower lip. It can begin as a minor sore or a patch of discolouration, which is sometimes mistaken for a simple ulcer. However, if left untreated, it can grow, invade surrounding tissues, and even spread to lymph nodes or distant organs.The positive aspect is that lip cancer has a high chance of successful treatment when detected in its early stages.
In this article, we explore the common lip cancer symptoms, its causes, how the disease progresses, and available treatment options. We also discuss when to seek help and what to expect during diagnosis and recovery.
What Are the Symptoms of Lip Cancer?
Recognising the early signs of lip cancer can lead to faster diagnosis and a better outcome. Some of the most common symptoms include:
- A sore on the lip that does not heal within two weeks
- A visible white line on the lip or a dark spot on the lip
- A small lump or raised area that may bleed or crust
- Pain, numbness, or tingling in the lip area
- Difficulty in lip movement or speaking
- A change in how dentures fit or feel
These signs may be subtle at first. Many patients delay seeking care because the symptoms are painless or resemble a minor ulcer. However, if a sore persists or you notice any unusual growth on your lip, it is important to consult a specialist.
For more detailed comparison between cancerous and non-cancerous ulcers, you can read this guide on oral cancers versus mouth ulcers.
What Are the First Signs of Lip Cancer?
The first signs of lip cancer may appear as a slight discoloration, a scab that keeps returning, or a thickening on one part of the lip. These early symptoms are often missed or dismissed as sunburn, dryness, or minor trauma. However, unlike ordinary mouth ulcers, cancerous lesions do not heal with time.
If you spot a white or red patch, a dark spot on the lip, or a lump that gets bigger or bleeds, do not ignore it. Seek evaluation by a doctor who can perform a physical exam and suggest a biopsy if needed.
Common Causes of Lip Cancer
Understanding lip cancer causes can help reduce your risk. Here are the most common risk factors:
- Sun exposure: Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, especially without sunscreen or lip protection, is a major risk factor for cancer on the lower lip.
- Tobacco use: Smoking and chewing tobacco significantly raise the risk of lip and oral cancers. The chemicals in tobacco damage the cells lining your lips and mouth.
- Alcohol: Heavy alcohol consumption, especially when combined with tobacco, increases the likelihood of cancer.
- Human papillomavirus (HPV): Certain strains of HPV are known to cause lip and oral cancers, especially in younger patients.
- Poor oral hygiene: Chronic irritation from rough teeth or dentures may also contribute.
- Family history and weakened immunity: Genetic susceptibility and immunosuppressed states may increase risk.
You can explore these causes in more detail through this overview on lip cancer Sign & symptoms.
Stages of Lip Cancer
Like other oral cancers, lip cancer is staged to determine how far the disease has progressed. Staging helps decide on the most appropriate treatment.
- Stage 0 (carcinoma in situ): Abnormal cells are present on the surface of the lip but have not spread deeper. This stage is often curable.
- Stage I: A tumor up to 2 cm in size with no lymph node involvement.
- Stage II: Tumor between 2 to 4 cm in size with no spread to lymph nodes.
- Stage III: The tumor is larger or has spread to a single lymph node on the same side of the neck.
- Stage IV (final stage of lip cancer): The cancer has spread to deeper tissues, multiple lymph nodes, or distant organs.
For a clearer understanding of staging, refer to this breakdown of oral cancer stages.
How Is Lip Cancer Treated?
Lip cancer treatment depends on the stage of the disease, the exact location, and overall health of the patient. Common treatment options include:
Surgery:
This is the primary treatment for early-stage lip cancer. A small tumor can be removed with minimal cosmetic impact. In later stages, surgery may also involve reconstructive procedures.
Radiation therapy:
Often used in combination with surgery or when surgery is not possible. It can help eliminate remaining cancer cells.
Chemotherapy:
Used in advanced or metastatic lip cancer. It may be combined with radiation to improve results.
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy:
In some patients, especially those with HPV-positive cancer, these options may be considered.
If you ‘re looking for reliable treatment options in India, specialised Oral cancer treatment in Mumbai is available at top oncology centres with multidisciplinary teams focused on head and neck cancers. You can connect with experienced specialists at Dr. Amit Chakraborty’s clinic for tailored care plans.
Conclusion
Lip cancer is one of the most treatable forms of cancer when detected early. Whether it’s a non-healing sore, a dark spot on the lip, or an unusual white line on the lip, timely evaluation can save lives.
Understanding the stages of lip cancer, being aware of your risk factors, and consulting a specialist for persistent symptoms are essential steps toward early diagnosis and recovery. If you or a loved one notice changes in the lip area, do not wait. With the right care, lip cancer treatment can offer excellent long-term outcomes and quality of life.
Jun 25, 2024 
